Introduction
Zero-liquid discharge (ZLD) is a robust wastewater management solution that utilises a sequence of advanced treatment processes. It minimises wastewater volumes, increases water recycling, and therefore concentrates waste solids to the greatest extent possible. An efficient ZLD system utilises many different treatment processes and combinations of technologies. A common step in most ZLD systems is a large thermal evaporation stage that is extremely energy-intensive. Hence, this results in high and often prohibitive operating costs. This challenge is driving the need for innovative ZLD solutions that offer effective and reliable treatment. They must also overcome cost barriers to implementation, energy use, and operation. Read more